Butterfly Wing
 |
 Butterfly Wing Pin Brooch Hoffman Sterling  US $129.95
|
 Flower Sterling Silver Butterfly Open Wings Necklace US $129.00
|
 Silver Butterfly Wing Sulphide Silhouette Brooch Classical Lady US $124.86
|
 HOFFMAN STERLING SILVER BUTTERFLY WING BROOCH BRACELET EAR RINGS HAWAIIAN SET US $89.99
|
Photography 101: All About Aperture
Aperture and other technical photography basics can induce yawns in the most eager of budding shutterbugs, but once these basics are understood, the rest of photography easily comes into focus. Aperture, ISO and shutter speed are all important terms to know, whether you have a point-and-shoot or a professional camera. This article explains the basics of aperture and provides tips on how to use it to take better pictures that you'll be proud to display on your wall in a hanging picture frame.
To better understand aperture, think about how the irises of your eyes get bigger and smaller to allow more or less light into the pupil. Like your irises, the camera's lens diaphragm narrows and widens to let in less or more light. Thus the aperture determines the exposure of the picture, that is how bright or dark it is. The aperture also has another important purpose which we'll look at in a second.
"Aperture" refers to the size of the camera's lens diaphragm and is measured in F stops. The smaller the F Stop number, the wider the aperture. This is where it's easy to get confused. Actually the F stop numbers represent ratios, which is why the larger the F stop number, the smaller the aperture.
Besides controlling light, aperture controls depth of field. To better understand this concept, make a fist and hold it in front of your eye. Now slowly open your hand. See how the focus changes as you open your hand? Sure you can see more through the larger opening, but notice how when the opening in your fist was small, everything that you could see was equally in focus? Try it again, and notice how when you open your fist, the object closest to you will come into sharp focus while objects farther away will be out of focus. This is how aperture determines depth of field, that is how much of a photograph is focused.
If you are taking pictures in Auto Focus (AF), the camera will attempt to focus on what it sees as the main subject, but often it may not be what you want.
For this reason, many cameras have an Aperture Priority setting to help eliminate this problem. This allows you to set the aperture and then it automatically adjusts the shutter speed to compensate for the larger or smaller aperture. For example, if you set the aperture for a landscape, it narrows it and therefore lets in less light. The camera would automatically lengthen the time the shutter stays open so that your photo isn't underexposed (too dark). Aperture Priority isn't exact, but this is how it usually works.
Now if you have an SLR and are taking pictures in manual mode, you can adjust the shutter speeds and aperture separately.
Most will have a camera with preset modes such as landscape, sports or portrait. When the mode is set for landscape, the aperture automatically narrows so everything will be brought into focus. At the same time, the shutter speed automatically slows, thus leaving the shutter open longer to compensate for the lessened amount of light streaming through the diaphragm.
When you switch to portrait mode and focus on someone in front of you with the landscape in the background, the camera will make your subject in focus and make them stand out from the background. And it will speed up the shutter speed so the photo isn't overexposed by the extra light allowed in with the larger aperture.
Remember: the smaller the aperture, the greater the F stop number (because it represents a ratio not a whole number) and the greater the depth of field.
Understanding photography basics like aperture is not only important for those using manual settings or Aperture Priority, it also helps those using preset modes. Here are three preset modes you should better understand:
- Portrait: How much the background blurs when using this mode depends on your camera and the distance between your subject and background a minimum of 10 feet works best. This mode can be used for any subject that you want to bring into focus, while taking the background out of focus, not just people and pets.
- Landscape:(called "Infinity" on some cameras): This is the mode depicted by the mountain peak or figure 8. You can use this for any picture where you want everything in focus like landscapes, cityscapes or a picture of your garden. And for shots of breathtaking vistas, try framing them in a panoramic picture frame to make your images really stand out.
- Macro: This mode, depicted by the tulip, opens the camera's aperture extra wide so that you can take extreme closeups without the blur caused by not enough focus. Depending on your camera, you'll be able to get anywhere within an inch to a foot of your subject. When preparing to take photos outdoors of items like flowers, remember that even the smallest petal movement can cause the image to be blurry because of the slower shutter speed. Also remember to focus on the subject that you want in focus, whether it be a caterpillar's eyes or a butterfly's wings.
Just applying this knowledge can help you take some beautiful photos that you'll be proud to hang in a gallery picture frame on the wall.
Similarities and Differences between the analogous bird wing and the butterfly wing? NEED SOLVED ASAP?
ASAP
The two types of wings share a common function (they enable the organisms to fly). However, the bird wing and insect wing did not arise from the same original ancestral structure, and are therefore very different on the inside.
Bird wings are located just below the neck and are attached to the shoulder girdle.
Butterfly wings, on the other hand, attach to the second and third segments of the animal's thorax, just behind its first pair of legs.
All bird wings are made up of tiny bones and muscle cells and are covered in feathers.
Butterfly wings have a very different construction: they are built from a scaffolding of veins, covered by a thin membrane with a dense coat of delicate scales, and are kept rigid by fluid pressure..
The wings of each animal develop differently, too. While birds' wings develop in their eggs, those of a butterfly develop from discs of specialized tissue during metamorphosis.
GE turns butterfly-inspired tech into cheap, accurate thermal sensors (video) (feeds.engadget)
When last we heard from GE and its Morpho-butterfly inspired sensors, all the
talk was about detecting chemicals. And, with $6.3 million in funding coming
from DARPA, we're not surprised. In the latest issue of Nature Photonics,
however, the company's researchers show that the wing-like structures are just
as good at detecting heat as they are ricin attacks. By coating them with
carbon nanotubes the team was able to create a sensor sensitive to temperature
changes as small as 0.02 degrees Celsius with a response rate of 1/40 of a
second. The sensors could eventually find their way into imaging devices and
medical equipment, and are expected to cost just a fraction of similar
technologies currently on the market. Of course, since DARPA is still involved
with the project, there are some potential security uses as well -- such as
screening devices and fire detection. Head after the break for a video and
some PR.
Continue reading _GE turns butterfly-inspired tech into cheap, accurate
thermal sensors (video)_
GE turns butterfly-inspired tech into cheap, accurate thermal sensors (video)
originally appeared on Engadget on Wed, 15 Feb 2012 02:52:00 EDT. Please see
our terms for use of feeds.
######
Permalink ...
The Smashing Pumpkins - Bullet with Butterfly Wings
You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
Comments are closed.